Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition among adult women that can have a markedly detrimental effect on quality of life, affecting work, leisure, and social activities as well as personal relationships. However, symptoms of OAB may be overlooked in primary care. Women may hesitate to discuss their symptoms with their clinician due to embarrassment or to the misperceptions that OAB is a ìnormalî part of aging and that no effective pharmacologic therapy is available. Effective treatments do exist, most notably the anticholinergic/antimuscarinic agents. The most commonly prescribed are oxybutynin and tolterodine; more recently approved agents include transdermal oxybutynin, trospium, darifenacin, and solifenacin. The diagnosis and management of patients with OAB are well within the purview of the primary care practitioner. Clinicians should proactively and routinely seek to discuss OAB symptoms with their patients and manage their symptoms to improve patient quality of life.